桑葚采摘
桑葚采摘吸引游客前来在辽西，虹螺岘镇是以“干、薄、细”的干豆腐远近闻名的大镇，虹螺岘干豆腐甚至都成了辽西干豆腐的代名词。在这片盛产干豆腐的土地上，却有个独特的地方，她不以出产干豆腐著名，却盛产“金疙瘩”，这就是被誉为东北桑葚第一村的虹南村。
01 辽宁特产桑葚之乡
桑葚为桑科落叶乔木桑树的成熟果实，其成熟的鲜果味甜汁多，是常见的水果之一，也是很多人的最爱。
说起桑葚，不得不说虹南村的南沟。这个声名远播的桑葚生产地，坐落在虹螺山脚下，是一个独立的自然屯。由于周边 10 公里内没有厂矿，环境没有污染。而桑园建在山坳里，早春气温高，光照充足，四面有山环绕，不受季节风影响；昼夜温差大，糖分积累高，再加上该地独特的红色园土含丰富的四氧化三铁，有机质及铁等矿物质含量高，非常适合桑葚果树生长。同时品种统一，栽植密度适宜，果园整齐一致，树势健壮，通风透光，源自天成的自然条件，造就了这里的桑葚“果大、色亮、味甜、口感好”，并凭此特色而驰名省内外。
400 年桑树王成为虹南村一景南沟种植桑树已有 200 多年的历史，桑园内百年以上桑树有 15 株，还有一株 400 年的桑树王。过去村民种植桑树都是在房前屋后，没有形成规模，经济效益并不理想。为了带领村民致富，村党支部用本村的桑葚作为基础资源，利用其营养价值高的优势，克服储存期短的弊端，扬长避短，开展深加工，把桑葚产业做细做深，以此增加农民收入，壮大村集体经济。2011 年，组织成立了葫芦岛市南沟桑葚专业合作社，2013 年注册“虹螺岘南沟”商标，2014年获得国家地理标识，2015 年获得绿色食品认证。
2016 年，虹螺岘镇党委提出“结构调整迈大步，土地集约要先行，多业并举致富路，齐心协力富农户”的致富思路后，他们积极转变种植观念，完成虹南村桑葚生态综合治理项目，配套了水、电和田间路，把土地连成片，标准化种植，扩大桑葚特色产业的种植规模，并大力推广先进技术，打造辽西最大桑葚生产地，申报了“辽宁特产桑葚之乡”。近年来，虹南村年生产鲜桑葚 60 余万公斤，产值 500 余万元。
2017 年初，在镇党委、政府的大力支持引导下，虹南村成立了村集体企业——虹螺岘桑葚食品有限公司，上了桑葚干加工项目，保底价收购村民的鲜桑葚。2017 年，公司生产桑葚干 2500 公斤，创利润 15 万元，贫困户得到分红，虹南村也有了村集体收入，一举甩掉了“空壳村”的帽子；2020 年，年底分红后，村集体经济收入达到 8 万元。尝到桑葚干加工项目的甜头后，南沟桑葚专业合作社又与相关企业合作，开发了桑葚酒、桑叶茶，桑葚产业链持续拉长。
02 小桑葚做出大产业
每年的 5 月中旬到 6 月底，走进虹南村，你会看到一片一片绿油油的桑树园，在这个季节，桑葚进入了盛产期，味甜汁多、颜色亮丽的桑果让人情不自禁驻足此间，嬉戏采摘。
近几年，靠桑葚生产走上富裕路的虹南村没有沾沾自喜，他们在发展地方特色桑葚产业的基础上，不断转变发展思路，调整产业发展模式，让农业、加工业与旅游业融合起来，通过科学规范发展精致农业和旅游农业，使传统农业经营模式发生转变，让虹南村变成一个由精致农业景区构成的美丽乡村。
桑葚果实味甜多汁
游客采桑葚2017 年，在镇政府大力扶持下他们发展认养农业，争取区政府基础设施资金，投入 50 万元新建了村内通往南沟的水泥路，投入 150 万元修建了 2 个停车场和园区环山路，另外还开辟了1000平方米的桑葚批发市场。他们精选 13 家桑树园，开辟了 13 个认养区，选出可供认养桑树 1000 余株，采取“互联网 + 认养农业 + 党建扶贫”模式，客户认养桑树后，可随时来采桑园观赏采摘，未采摘的余额将以 10:1 的比例制成桑葚干给客户，用快递的方式送到客户指定的地方。桑树认养得到了全区机关、企事业单位和社会各界人士的积极响应和广泛参与，认养数量达 1136 棵，签约金额 22 万元。据不完全统计，2017 年仅靠认养这一块，南沟农民可以实现增收 100 万元，认养农业也成为全市的农业标杆产业。
同时，他们以桑葚采摘做大乡村旅游产品，配套建设了以“住农家院、吃农家菜、赏农家景”为主题的农家乐旅游设施。他们还连续举办了五届采桑文化节，通过市、区各大媒体的立体式宣传，南沟桑葚的名气一发不可收，各地游人络绎不绝，使得村民足不出户就把桑葚卖了，每天都供不应求，桑葚价格一直在每斤 5 元以上 ,每家都获得了可观的收入。近年来，虹南村每年接待游客 20 万人次以上，旅游消费收入每年超过 200 万元。虹南村也被授予省乡村旅游示范村、市文明村等光荣称号。
（本文图片除署名外由葫芦岛市委宣传部提供）
After Mid-May, mulberries in Village of Hongnan usher in a harvest season. People can't help taking a rest, or picking a few mulberries under mulberry trees at the sight of sweet and juicy fruits.
Situated in the Town of Hongluoxian of Huludao, the village is famous for its mulberries, with a planting area of 1.33 square kilometers. The mulberries produced in the village are renowned not only in Liaoning Province, but also around the country. With an annual yield of over 600 thousand kilograms, the mulberries have brought an annual output value of over 5 million yuan for the village. The mulberry products, with a GI indication, have already been certified as green food. The village, with a considerable annual output and high-quality mulberry products, is acclaimed as the village of mulberries in northeast China.
Rather than resting on its own laurels, the village has taken a step further and upgraded the industry structure by combining agriculture with tourism, so that the village can benefit from both agriculture and tourism.
In 2017, with the support and an infrastructure fund of 500,000 yuan from the local governments, the village built a broad cement road, as well as two large parking lots and mountain road with another 1.5 million yuan. Moreover, a wholesale mulberry market of 1,000 square meters was built. Currently, there are 13 choice orchards in the village, over 1,000 mulberry trees for residents in the village to “adopt”. People can “adopt” mulberry trees via internet or through government support. After adoption, they are free to visit their trees or pick mulberries at their convenience. The mulberries unpicked by their “adopted owners” will be made into dried mulberries and mailed to clients.
The mulberry-adoption business is actively responded by local governments, government-affiliated institutions, companies and residents, with the adopted mulberry trees amounting to 1136, and a contract sum of 220,000 yuan. In 2017, the adoption business alone brought villagers an extra 1 million yuan, making it the benchmark for the agriculture in Huludao.
The mulberry-picking has become the major name card for rural tourism in the village. The agritainment activities featuring “living in farmhouses, tasting country food, and enjoying rural scenery” have been organized, and relevant facilities set up. With the promotion of local media, villagers can not only have tourists in an endless stream, but also have their mulberries sell out without stepping out of their homes. Mulberries, at a current market price of 10 yuan per kilogram, brought a considerable income for all households of the village.
In recent years, the village attracted over 200,000 tourists each year, with an annual tourist revenue over 2 million yuan. The village is accredited by the government of Liaoning Province as the model of rural tourism.
(Trans. by Liu Xiaodan)
编辑：徐博彦
检校：水 天
责编：景雪峰
